PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.